Mental Health of Parents and Preschool-Aged Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediating Role of Harsh Parenting and Child Sleep Disturbances.

In the context of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, mental health problems of parents and children have become a public issue. Herein, we explored the association between parental well-being index and child mental health problems during the pandemic and the mediating role of harsh parenting and child sleep disturbances. An online survey was conducted among 16,398 parents of children aged 3-6 years (48.1% girls, Mage = 4.69 years, SDage = 0.75 years) from March 15 to 29, 2020. Child mental health (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ), sleep problems (Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire, CSHQ), and parental well-being index (World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index, WHO-5), and harsh parenting were reported by parents. The results revealed that a higher parental well-being index was associated with lower child mental health problems. Harsh parenting and child sleep problems were significant mediators within the association. This study indicates the association between parental well-being index and child mental health during the pandemic and underlying mechanism, and has important implications for reducing parental and child mental health problems.

Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in COVID-19 patients and relationship with severity of disease

Objective To study the kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in COVID-19 patients and the correlation with disease severity. Methods A total of 290 plasma samples were collected from 60 hospitalized patients including 48 mild cases and 12 severe cases within 63 days after disease onset in Guangzhou Eighth People′s Hospital affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University during January 21 to April 11, 2020.SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies were determined by four commercial colloidal gold serologic reagents validated by National Medical Products Administration in China. Results The seropositive rate ranged from 19.23% to 34.62% by four assays within one week after disease onset, and rapidly increased within the following two weeks.The seropositive rates were 52.27% to 68.18% and 83.05% to 98.31%, respectively.IgM antibody peaked within the fourth week and maintained high level for 1 to 2 weeks, and decreased significantly until the 9 th week.But no obvious decreasing trend of the seropositive rate of IgG antibody was observed during two months after disease onset.The seropositive rates of antibodies between mild and severe cases showed no statistical difference.Four assays demonstrated a sensitivity of 78.33%to 91.67%in 60 COVID-19 patients.The difference was statistically significant between the highest and the lowest values（χ2=4.183,P=0.041）． Conclusions The colloidal gold serologic reagents show good sensitivity during the late stage of disease but not at the early stage.There is no correlation between seropositive and disease severity.The sensitivity of different reagents is different